Europe's June · The year the data got loud

"This event would not have been possible in June without climate change," said Imperial College researcher Theodore Keeping.

Official weekly statistics count excess deaths: deaths above the number expected. For 22 to 28 June: 2,025 in France, 5,753 in Germany, 577 in the Netherlands.

Excess deaths and heat-related deaths are different measures. Excess deaths are counted from death registers; heat-related deaths are estimated by models. For France, the official count for the peak week was 2,025 excess deaths; a modelling study estimated 2,766 heat-related deaths over 18 days.